exclusively behavioral meaning in settings of treaty-making or covenant. Here, love means conformity to treaty stipulations and its antitype, hate, means nonconformity, as in Exod 20:5–6; Deut 5:9–10; 6:5–9; and 2 Sam 19:6–7.10 In the latter text, David’s feelings toward his loyal army are clearly not in question when his nephew and commander Joab accuses him of “loving those who hate you and hating those who love you”; rather, it is David’s behavior that is at issue, for he has treated his faithful